1 Corinthians 15:12-34

Summary
In 1 Corinthians 15:12–34, Paul presses the Corinthians to see that the resurrection of Jesus is not an isolated doctrine, but the truth that changes everything. If Christ has not been raised, then preaching is empty, faith is futile, sin still reigns, and death has the final word. But Christ has been raised, the firstfruits of the coming resurrection, which means the new creation has already begun, death will be destroyed, and Christ will reign until God is all in all. The resurrection challenges our assumptions, comforts us with certain hope, and calls us to wake up, turn from sin, and live boldly in light of the victory Christ has already won.

Discussion Questions

1. Paul says that if Christ has not been raised, our faith is “in vain.” Why is the resurrection so central to Christianity?
2. What is the difference between believing that Jesus rose from the dead and actually living as though his resurrection changes everything?
3. In what areas of life are you most tempted to treat the resurrection as a “church doctrine” rather than a present reality?
4. Paul says, “But in fact Christ has been raised from the dead.” How does that phrase bring comfort, especially in suffering, grief, or uncertainty?
5. What does it mean that Christ is the “firstfruits” of those who have fallen asleep?
6. How does the resurrection give Christians assurance about the future?
7. Paul says that Christ “must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet.” How does Christ’s present reign shape the way we view the world right now?
8. Verse 26 says, “The last enemy to be destroyed is death.” How should Christians think about death differently because of the resurrection?
9. Paul connects the resurrection to costly, courageous living: “I die every day.” Why does resurrection hope produce sacrifice rather than comfort-seeking?
10. Paul quotes, “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die.” Where do you see that mindset in our culture? Where do you see it in your own heart?
11. What does Paul mean when he says, “Wake up from your drunken stupor”? What would it look like for us to wake up spiritually?
12. How does this passage call us not only to personal hope, but also to mission and proclamation?

I don’t have any specific memories of my twenty-first birthday.  This is not because I went out celebrating with my friends and drank too much to remember but quite the opposite.  I was the student president of a campus ministry at a public university that had for years earned the reputation of being the “Number 1 Party School” in the country (yes that was real thing back then).  I had little desire to partake of alcohol for this and many other reasons. However, in the decades that have passed since my college days, I have come to enjoy, in moderation of course, an occasional drink.  I view alcohol as one of the many good gifts of creation that can be enjoyed with thanksgiving.  And as with all of the God’s gifts, it can be appreciated or abused, stewarded or idolized.

Our elders recently made the decision to include wine in our celebration of the Lord’s Supper. This represents a substantial change for us here at Cornerstone as we previously only offered grape juice—and that coming in pre-packaged containers! For those who grew up in a church that used wine in communion this will perhaps come as a welcome change, while for others it might raise some questions.  I want to share some thoughts I have on this issue of using wine for communion.

It seems best to start here.  Before we can lay out a case for wine as a gift from God, we must be clear that God repeatedly forbids the abuse of alcohol:

Proverbs 20:1 “Wine is a mocker, strong drink a brawler, and whoever is led astray by it is not wise.”

Isaiah 5:11-12 “Woe to those who rise early in the morning, that they may run after strong drink, who tarry late into the evening as wine inflames them! They have lyre and harp, tambourine and flute and wine at their feasts, but they do not regard the deeds of the Lord, or see the work of his hands.”

Isaiah 5:22-23  “Woe to those who are heroes at drinking wine, and valiant men in mixing strong drink, who acquit the guilty for a bribe, and deprive the innocent of his right!”

Ephesians 5:18 “And do not get drunk with wine, for that is debauchery, but be filled with the Spirit.”

Inasmuch as drunkenness is condemned, alcohol itself is not.  We could say the same with other issues as well.  Gluttony is condemned; food itself is not. Adultery is condemned; sex itself is not. And actually, the Bible has quite a bit to say about wine being a gift from God:

Deuteronomy 14:26 “And spend the money for whatever you desire—oxen or sheep or wine or strong drink, whatever your appetite craves. And you shall eat there before the Lord your God and rejoice, you and your household.”

Psalm 104:14-15 “You cause the grass to grow for the livestock and plants for man to cultivate, that he may bring forth food from the earth and wine to gladden the heart of man, oil to make his face shine and bread to strengthen man’s heart."

Joel 2:19 “The LORD answered and said to his people, ‘Behold, I am sending to you grain, wine, and oil, and you will be satisfied; and I will no more make you a reproach among the nations.’”

As we examine the Old Testament in particular, we find many instances in which wine is meant to point to something else.  Most notably in Isaiah’s vision of the coming messianic banquet we are told that God is preparing a “feast of rich food, a feast of well-aged wine…of aged wine well refined (Isaiah 25:6).”  The prophet Amos tells of the day coming when the “mountains shall drip with sweet wine, and all the hills shall flow with it (Amos 9:13).”

The psalmist tells us of a “cup with foaming wine, well mixed” that will be poured out from the hand of Lord on all the wicked of the earth who “shall drain it down to the dregs (Psalm 75:8).”  This helps to make sense of Jesus’ prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane where he prayed for the cup to pass from him (c.f. Matthew 26:39).   And yet we quickly see that that cup did not pass from him. Jesus drank it down to the dregs, every last drop, so that might enjoy the cup of blessing.

The very first of Jesus’ miracles in the Gospel of John was of course turning water into wine.  And let’s be clear we are not talking about a little of bit here—he turned “six stone water jars…each holding twenty or thirty gallons (John 2:6)” into exceedingly “good wine (John 2:10).”  That is over 900 bottles of wine being served after the original amount of wine was already gone.  If Jesus is not ashamed to serve wine at a wedding, why would we think he would be ashamed to serve us wine at the communion table?

What we now commonly call “Communion” or the “Lord’s Supper,” was instituted by Jesus as he sat with his disciples celebrating Passover.  He broke bread.  He took a cup which he referred to as “fruit of the vine (Matthew 26:29).”   If wine was used in the very first celebration of the Lord’s Supper, is it not still appropriate for us to use wine today?  I am not arguing that grape juice or something else cannot be used, but certainly we have the clearest biblical precedent for the use of wine and not juice in our celebration of the Lord’s Supper.

[This is bit of a side but there are some who insist that we must baptize by immersion because of the biblical precedent that was set by Jesus’ apparent full-immersion baptism.  While I am not convinced that Jesus was fully under the water (the text only says he came “up from the water,” Matthew 3:16), I can accept that this a valid interpretation of the text. Many use this point to insist on baptism by immersion only. Jesus was fully immersed and so we should be as well.  Why does the same reasoning not apply to the Lord’s Supper?  If it is clear Jesus used wine at the first Lord’s Supper, why can we not continue to use wine today?]  

I am not qualified, nor will I attempt in this brief article, to summarize 2000 years of church history on what elements were used for communion but even a casual glance at history reveals that the church historically understood the “cup” of the Lord’s Supper to be filled with wine.  This is the interpretation, for instance, of the Westminster Confession of Faith which refers to the “elements of bread and wine (WCF 29.3).”  This is significant for us in the PCA as the Westminster Standards form the doctrinal foundation of our denomination.
The widespread introduction of grape juice for the Lord’s Supper did not take place until the mid-19th century and was being driven not by some new biblical insight but rather would appear to be closely tied with the temperance movement.  It is often pointed out that prior to Thomas Welch’s invention of “unfermented wine” (think Welch’s grape juice) it was not possible for the church to serve grape juice in communion, for one simple reason:  without a way to preserve grape juice, it naturally ferments and turns to wine anyway.  There is an interesting article that you can read here about Thomas Welch and his unfermented wine.

We should be clear that we do not believe that the use of wine is necessary for the celebration of the Lord’s Supper.  In offering wine, we do so not because we believe grape juice to be inferior, but rather we are seeking to return to the historic practice of the church.

As we pass the communion trays we will always have both juice and wine available. There are some in our congregation who should continue to use juice rather than wine.

First, those who are not settled in their conscience that wine is acceptable, should continue to take grape juice. If I have not persuaded you of the freedom we have in the Scriptures, please do not partake of wine.  Paul warns us in Romans 14:23 that anything that does not come from faith is sin.

Secondly, those who struggle with alcohol addiction, presently or in the past, should give serious thought as to whether or not to partake of wine.  It is probably best for you to stick with juice.

Thirdly, if we are underage, you should talk with your parents. While the civil authorities allow for alcohol to be used for religious purposes even with minors, it would still be wise for you to discuss this issue with your parents.

And finally, those who simply prefer grape juice over wine, should joyfully continue.

There is strong biblical and historical precedent for the use of wine in the celebration of the Lord’s Supper.  And yet we are reminded as we come to the Lord’s Table whether that table is set with wine or grape juice, unleavened bread or gluten-free crackers, it is death of Christ, and not our personal preferences, that is exalted.  And so let us come then in faith, in love – and with joy!

1 Corinthians 15:1-11

Summary
In 1 Corinthians 15, Paul brings the church back to what is “of first importance”: the gospel. The gospel is not merely an idea, a philosophy, or a moral example, but the good news of what Christ has done in history: he died for our sins, was buried, was raised on the third day, and appeared to many witnesses. This is a message to be heard, a hope to be received by faith, and the power by which we stand. We never move beyond the gospel, because by God’s grace it is the truth that saves us, sustains us, and sends us out to proclaim Christ.

Discussion Questions

1. Paul says, “I would remind you…of the gospel.” Why do Christians need to be reminded of the gospel again and again?
2. What is the difference between treating the gospel as an idea, worldview, or moral philosophy and receiving it as good news about what Christ has done?
3. Paul describes the gospel as something he preached, they received, and in which they stand. Which of those words stands out to you most, and why?
4. What does it mean that the gospel is “of first importance”? How should that shape the way we think about other important Christian doctrines and convictions?
5. Why is it important that Paul emphasizes the historical facts of the gospel: Christ died, was buried, was raised, and appeared to witnesses?
6. What is the difference between merely agreeing that the gospel is true and actually believing or receiving it by faith?
7. Paul says, “By the grace of God I am what I am.” How does grace shape both our identity and our effort in the Christian life?
8. How can we avoid the two errors of either trying to earn God’s favor by our effort or becoming passive because salvation is by grace?
9. Where do you most need to “stand” in the gospel right now against temptation, discouragement, fear, or spiritual weariness?
10. How might remembering the gospel change the way you speak, serve, repent, forgive, or encourage others this week?

Isaiah 35

Summary
Our sermon this week comes from the book of Isaiah chapter 35. Isaiah wrote to people facing difficult and discouraging circumstances, reminding them of the hope, power, and restoration that only God can provide. He prophesied about a day when the Lord would return His people to Zion with everlasting joy and singing. In the same way, we are called to place our hope in the Lord regardless of our circumstances and to look forward with confidence to the glory He has promised.

Discussion Questions

1. What stands out to you most from this passage, and why?
2. Where have you seen God’s transforming power in your own life or in the lives of others
3. Why is it important to recognize our need for rescue and redemption?
4. What things are you tempted to place your hope or confidence in instead of the Lord
5. What will you do to strengthen your “weak hands”, make firm your “feeble knees” and calm your anxious heart?
6. How might it affect you to live in the joy and hope of the Lord daily? How might it affect your relationships?

1 Corinthians 14:26-40

Summary
In 1 Corinthians 14:26-40, Paul calls the church to pursue worship that is both Spirit-filled and beautifully ordered. The gifts of the Spirit are not given for self-expression or personal display, but for building up the body of Christ. Because God is not a God of confusion but of peace, our worship should be marked by intentionality, patience, and humility. True spiritual freedom does not cast off order; it gladly submits to God’s Word so that the church may learn, be encouraged, and be built up in love.

Discussion Questions

1. Paul says, “Let all things be done for building up.” Why is this such an important principle for understanding spiritual gifts and worship?
2. What are some ways Christians can use their gifts in a way that unintentionally builds up themselves more than the church?
3. Paul says, “God is not a God of confusion but of peace.” How should that truth shape the way we think about worship?
4. What is the difference between worship that is genuinely Spirit-filled and worship that is merely chaotic or emotionally intense?
5. Why do you think patience is necessary in the gathered worship of the church?
6. Paul assumes that even extraordinary gifts like tongues and prophecy are to be exercised with self-control. What does that teach us about the work of the Holy Spirit?
7. How does “decently and in order” challenge both overly rigid worship and overly casual worship?
8. Why is humility necessary when we come to difficult passages of Scripture, like verses 34–35?
9. How can we submit to Scripture even when a passage feels uncomfortable, confusing, or countercultural?
10. What would it look like for our church to grow in worship that is intentional, patient, and humble?
11. How does ordered worship serve love for the whole body, especially visitors, children, new believers, and those who are discouraged?
12. What is one practical way you can use your gifts to build up the church rather than simply express yourself?

Quotes
“The exhortation, therefore, is to conduct their worship so that it may be beautiful.”  -- Charles Hodge, 1 Corinthians Commentary, p.268

1 Corinthians 14:1-25

Summary
In 1 Corinthians 14, Paul calls the church to pursue love and earnestly desire the gifts of the Spirit, especially those that build up the body of Christ. Spiritual gifts are not meant to be dismissed, idolized, or used as badges of superiority, but received with humility and used for the good of others. In this passage, Paul reminds us that God is at work strengthening His church and establishing His kingdom through ordinary people empowered by His Spirit. The goal is not confusion or division, but that the church would be built up and that outsiders would see and declare, “God is really among you.”

Discussion Questions

1. Why do you think Paul begins this section by saying, “Pursue love,” before he says, “earnestly desire the spiritual gifts”?
2. What does it look like to “earnestly desire” the gifts of the Spirit without becoming proud, divisive, or overly focused on spiritual experiences?
3. In what ways are Christians sometimes tempted to dismiss the gifts of the Spirit altogether?
4. In what ways are Christians sometimes tempted to misuse or overemphasize the gifts of the Spirit?
5. Paul says prophecy builds up, encourages, and consoles the church. Why should the building up of others be one of our main concerns in the Christian life?
6. How does this passage challenge the idea that “more dramatic” spiritual gifts are always more important?
7. Paul says he would rather speak five understandable words to instruct others than ten thousand words in a tongue. What does that teach us about clarity in worship and ministry?
8. How should this passage shape the way we think about Sunday worship, especially what we sing, pray, teach, and say together?
9. What are some ways God has used ordinary believers to build you up in your faith?
10. How might God want to use your words, gifts, encouragement, service, or presence to strengthen someone else in the church?
11. What does this passage teach us about the importance of both the Spirit and the mind in worship?
12. Paul imagines an outsider entering the church and declaring, “God is really among you.” What kind of church life would make that kind of response more likely?
13. How does the gospel keep us from using spiritual gifts to prove ourselves or compare ourselves to others?
14. What would change in our church if every member asked, “How can I use what God has given me to build up the body?”

Quotes
“This whole passage is very obscure; but the obscurity arises from our ignorance of the facts described, which, though familiar to those to whom the apostle wrote, have ceased to occur.” – John Chrysostom

1 Corinthians 13:1-13

Summary 
In 1 Corinthians 13, Paul shows us that the greatest evidence of the Spirit’s work is not extraordinary gifts, impressive sacrifice, or spiritual power, but love. Love is indispensable because without it even our greatest gifts amount to nothing. Love is definable because God tells us what love is: patient, kind, humble, truthful, and enduring. And love is imperishable because when every partial gift passes away, love will remain. The call of this passage is not merely to admire love, but to be conquered by the love of Christ so that his love is formed in us by the Spirit.

Discussion

1. Why do you think 1 Corinthians 13 is often disconnected from its context of spiritual gifts in chapters 12–14?
2. What does Paul mean when he says that even tongues, prophecy, knowledge, faith, and sacrifice are “nothing” without love?
3. Why are we often more drawn to the extraordinary or impressive rather than to ordinary, Christlike love?
4. In what ways can spiritual gifts, service, knowledge, or sacrifice become noisy and empty when love is missing?
5. Why is it important to say that love is definable and not self-defining?
6. Which description of love in verses 4–7 convicts you most right now: patience, kindness, humility, not insisting on your own way, not being irritable or resentful, rejoicing with the truth, bearing, believing, hoping, or enduring?
7. How does Paul’s definition of love challenge the way our culture often talks about love?
8. How does the cross of Christ show us both what love is and how we become loving people?
9. Where are you most tempted to pursue “vision,” “strength,” or “impact” without first being conquered by Christ’s love?
10. What does it mean that “love never ends,” especially when Paul says that prophecy, tongues, and knowledge will pass away?
11. How does the promise that we will one day see “face to face” help us endure the partial, dim, and difficult parts of life now?
12. Which question do you most need to sit with this week: “Am I a loving person?” or “Am I loved by God?”

1 Corinthians 12:12-31

Summary 
In 1 Corinthians 12:12–31, Paul uses the image of the body to help us understand who we are as the church. Because each believer has been given a manifestation of the Spirit for the common good, we have a foundation for unity that the world does not have, a true place to belong whether we feel like it or not, a deep need for one another no matter how strong we think we are, and the assurance that each of us is being used by God. As the body of Christ, there are no unnecessary members. Each of us has been brought in, gifted, and called to build up the whole.

Discussion Questions

• What stands out to you from Paul’s picture of the church as a body in this passage?
• Why do you think Paul emphasizes that “to each” is given a manifestation of the Spirit?
• How does the image of the body help us understand unity and diversity in the church?
• According to this passage, what is the foundation of our unity as Christians? How is this different from the way the world creates unity?
• What are some things that tend to divide the church today? How does this passage speak into those divisions?
• Why might someone feel like they don’t belong in the church? How does Paul respond to that idea?
• What does it mean that God has “arranged” the members of the body?
• Why is it hard for us to admit that we need other people in the church?
• What kinds of gifts or roles tend to be overlooked or undervalued? Why?
• What does it look like in practice to “suffer together” and “rejoice together”?
• What does this passage teach about your personal role in the church?
• How can you identify and begin using the gifts God has given you?
• How would our church look different if everyone truly believed they were needed and being used by God?
• What is one practical step you can take this week to build up the body of Christ?

1 Corinthians 12:1-11

Summary
In 1 Corinthians 12:1–11, we are reminded that the Holy Spirit is not distant or abstract, but actively at work among God’s people. Each believer is given a manifestation of the Spirit, not for personal recognition, but for the common good of the church. In a world shaped by skepticism toward the unseen, this passage calls us to rediscover the reality and power of the Spirit who enables us to confess Jesus as Lord, strengthens our faith, and equips us with gifts to serve others. As we consider these truths, we are challenged to recognize the Spirit’s work in our lives and to faithfully use the gifts we have been given to build up the body of Christ and bring glory to Him.
Discussion Questions
 
General Bible Study Questions

1. In 1 Corinthians 12:7, what does it mean that each believer is given a “manifestation of the Spirit”?
2. Why do you think Paul emphasizes both the variety of gifts and the same Spirit?
3. According to this passage, what is the primary purpose of spiritual gifts?
4. Why do you think many Christians today are hesitant or uncertain about the Holy Spirit?
5. How have you seen either abuse or neglect of the Holy Spirit affect the church?
6. What does it look like in everyday life to rely on the power of the Holy Spirit rather than just human effort?
7. How can we tell whether something that appears “spiritual” is truly from the Holy Spirit?

Spiritual Gift Application Questions

1. What gifts or ways of serving do you see God developing in your life?
2. How are you currently using your gifts for the common good of others in the church?
3. Is there an area where you have been holding back from serving? What step could you take to begin ?
4. What would it look like for our church to more fully live out the truth that every member has a role to play?
5. How can we encourage one another to “fan into flame” the gifts God has given?

1 Corinthians 11:17-34

Summary
In 1 Corinthians 11:17–34, Paul delivers a sobering warning that even gathering for worship can do harm rather than good when approached wrongly. The Corinthians’ problem was both horizontal and vertical: horizontally, their divisions and self-centeredness, especially along economic lines, turned the Lord’s Supper into a scene of humiliation rather than unity; vertically, they failed to discern the holiness and significance of what they were doing, treating sacred worship as something ordinary. As a result, their worship brought spiritual and even physical judgment. Paul calls the church to a renewed understanding of the gospel that unites believers across differences and to a serious self-examination marked by faith and repentance. Right worship flows from rightly discerning Christ’s presence and work, leading God’s people to come humbly, thoughtfully, and together so that their gathering builds up rather than tears down.

Discussion Questions

1. Paul says the Corinthians’ gatherings did more harm than good. What are some ways that church attendance today could unintentionally do harm rather than good?
2. Where do you see “horizontal” divisions showing up in the church today, whether socially, economically, politically, or relationally?
3. Why is unity in the church rooted in the gospel rather than in sameness? How does the gospel actually overcome real differences between people?
4. In what ways might we subtly treat worship or the Lord’s Supper as something ordinary rather than holy?
5. What does it mean to “discern the body” when participating in the Lord’s Supper? How does this apply both to Christ and to His church?
6. Paul connects improper worship with real consequences, even judgment. How does this shape your view of the seriousness of gathered worship?
7. What does healthy self-examination look like before coming to the Lord’s Table? How do faith and repentance both play a role?
8. How can we guard against either taking communion too lightly or approaching it with unhealthy fear?
9. Paul’s solution is not just behavior change but heart transformation. What would it look like for your heart to be reshaped by the gospel in how you relate to others in the church?
10. What is one practical step you can take this week to pursue unity in the body and come to worship more thoughtfully and reverently?

1 Corinthians 15:1-19

Summary
In 1 Corinthians 15, Paul addresses those who have heard and received the gospel yet have not fully embraced its central truth. Some in Corinth denied the resurrection, revealing a faith that had begun but not truly taken hold. Paul reminds them that the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ are of first importance, grounded in Scripture and confirmed by eyewitnesses. If Christ has not been raised, our faith is futile and we remain in our sins. This passage calls us to examine whether our faith rests firmly in the risen Christ or if we are still only almost there.

1. Discussion Questions
   Paul warns about believing “in vain.” What do you think that looks like in real life today?
2. Why is the resurrection not just important, but essential to the Christian faith?
3. The Corinthians were not hostile to the gospel, just unconvinced or indifferent about the resurrection. Where do you see that same attitude today, or even in your own heart?
4. What is the difference between knowing about the gospel and truly resting in it?
5. Paul appeals to both Scripture and eyewitness testimony. Why do both matter for our faith?
6. In what ways might someone be “almost there” spiritually but not fully trusting Christ?
7. How does the truth of the resurrection change the way we think about sin, death, and hope?
8. Paul says that if Christ is not raised, we are still in our sins. Why is the resurrection necessary for our salvation?
9. Have you personally come to the “empty tomb,” meaning have you trusted in the risen Christ? How would you describe that in your own life?
10. What would it look like for you this week to more fully live in light of the resurrection?

Quotes
“But how was he so eminently fitted thus to preach? His first and most important, and indeed, indispensable qualification for this work, was, that he himself knew Christ.  He had not only that knowledge which is attained by the study of Scriptures, and learning that is therein revealed concerning the person and work of Christ, but that knowledge which is due to the inward revelation by the Spirit.”
–Charles Hodge speaking at the funeral service of James Waddel Alexander, October 9, 1859

John 15:1-11

Summary
Shortly before he is betrayed, Jesus paints a garden scene with words in the Upper Room. He calls himself the “true vine” and urges his followers to abide in him. From God’s grace, a new kind of obedience grows—not to secure our place on the vine, but because we already have one. The warning against fruitlessness is real, but so is the promise: those who rest in Jesus will bear fruit and find their joy made full.

Discussion Questions

1. Look at the text together (John 15:1–11). What stands out to you about who Jesus says He is, who the Father is, and who we are?
2. Jesus calls himself the “true vine.” What are the “false vines” people tend to look to for life, identity, or fruitfulness? Where are you most tempted to draw life from something other than Christ?
3. Jesus says, “You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you.” How does that truth shape the way we think about growth and change in the Christian life?
4. What do you think it practically looks like to abide—to “make your home” in Jesus—in an ordinary day (work, parenting, studying, stress, distractions)?
5. Jesus describes both pruning and removal. How have you experienced God’s pruning in your life? What makes it hard to trust that His cutting is actually loving?
6. Where do you personally feel the tension more:
   • drifting into passivity (“I’m fine, no need to pursue obedience”), or
   • striving to perform (“I need to prove myself to God”)?
   • How does the gospel speak directly to your specific tendency?
7. Jesus says His goal is that our “joy may be full.” If a loss of joy can be a signal we’re not abiding, how can we help one another return—not toward trying harder—but to resting again in Christ’s love?

1 Corinthians 11:2-16

Summary
This passage, though challenging, invites us to see not only the truth but the goodness of God’s design for men and women. Paul addresses worship in Corinth, correcting a misuse of Christian freedom that blurred God-given distinctions. Scripture affirms both the equality of men and women in dignity and worth, the complementarity of their distinct roles, and the responsibility to honor those differences in a way that reflects God’s design before a watching world. Rather than resisting or merely tolerating these truths, we are called to embrace and live them out beautifully for God’s glory.

Discussion Questions
NOTE FOR LEADERS: Lots of questions this week!  Just a pick a few that would be helpful for your group.

Understanding the Passage

• What parts of 1 Corinthians 11:2–16 feel most confusing or challenging to you? Why?
• Why do you think Paul addresses something as specific as head coverings in a worship context?
• How does this passage fit into the broader themes of Christian freedom (chs. 8–10) and worship?

Equality

• Where do you see the equality of men and women affirmed in this passage?
• Why is it important to establish equality before talking about differences in roles?
• How does the doctrine of the image of God shape our understanding of human dignity?

Complementarity

• What is the difference between equality and sameness? Why does that distinction matter?
• How would you explain “complementarity” in your own words?
• Where do you see God’s design for distinct roles in this passage and elsewhere in Scripture (e.g., Ephesians 5)?

Responsibility & Application

• What does it look like today to “honor God” as a man or as a woman in our cultural context?
• How might Christians today be tempted, like the Corinthians, to misapply their freedom?
• In what ways can our lives either clarify or confuse God’s design for gender before a watching world?

Heart-Level Reflection

• Is it easier for you to affirm the truth of this teaching or the goodness of it? Why?
• Have you seen complementarianism misused or misunderstood? How does that affect your response to this passage?
• What would it look like not just to submit to God’s design, but to genuinely delight in it?

Gospel & Community

• How does the relationship between Christ and the Father (v. 3) help us understand submission rightly?
• How can men and women in the church actively support and honor one another’s roles?
• What is one practical way you can live out this teaching in your home, church, or relationships this week?

1 Corinthians 10:14-11:1

Summary
In this passage Paul helps believers navigate the difficult “gray areas” of the Christian life, issues where Scripture does not always give a simple yes or no answer. While Christians enjoy freedom in Christ, that freedom must never lead us into idolatry or selfish living. Instead, Paul calls believers to evaluate their choices carefully in light of God’s Word and their witness to others. Paul provides a practical framework for exercising Christian freedom. Believers should ask whether Scripture allows it, whether their conscience permits it, whether it builds up others, whether it helps the advance of the gospel, and whether it can be done for the glory of God. Ultimately, the goal of the Christian life is not simply personal liberty, but living in such a way that everything we do is done for the glory of God.

Discussion Questions

1. What are some “gray areas” Christians commonly wrestle with today?
2. Why do these issues tend to create disagreement among believers?
3. Why is the first question “Does the Bible allow it?” so important when thinking about Christian freedom?
4. How can we avoid calling something a “gray area” when Scripture actually speaks clearly about it?
5. Paul talks about the role of conscience (1 Cor. 10:25–29). What is the purpose of the Christian conscience, and how should we respond when either our own conscience or someone else’s is troubled?
6. Read 1 Corinthians 10:23–24. What is the difference between asking “Can I do this?” and asking “Should I do this?” How does love for others change how we use our freedom?
7. According to 1 Corinthians 10:31–11:1, what is the ultimate goal in how we live our lives?
8. What might it look like this week to make decisions that both advance the gospel and glorify God?

Quotes
“Unless I am convinced by the testimony of the Scriptures and by clear reason (for I do not trust in the pope or councils alone, since it is well known that they have often erred and contradicted themselves), I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted. My conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not retract anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. Here I stand.  I cannot do otherwise. May God help me. Amen.”                             - Martin Luther, Diet of Worms, April 18, 1521

1 Corinthians 9:23-10:13

Summary
Paul warns believers about the subtle danger of spiritual self-deception. Using the imagery of an athlete running a race and Israel’s history in the wilderness, he reminds us that beginning the Christian life is not the same as finishing it. It is possible to be near spiritual things, participating in church life, witnessing God’s work, or experiencing spiritual privileges, yet still miss the reality of genuine faith. Paul exposes several dangers that lead to self-deception, including mistaking the start of faith for perseverance to the end, confusing proximity to spiritual things with true transformation, treating sin lightly, and trusting in our own strength rather than God’s grace. The passage calls us to humble vigilance, remembering that temptation is real but God is faithful and always provides a way of escape.

Discussion Questions

1. Paul compares the Christian life to running a race (1 Cor. 9:24–27). What does it practically look like to “run to obtain the prize” in the Christian life?
2. Why is it easy to confuse beginning the Christian life with persevering to the end? What are some examples of this in everyday life?
3. The Israelites experienced incredible spiritual privileges but still fell in the wilderness (1 Cor. 10:1–5). Why can being close to spiritual things such as church attendance, Bible knowledge, or Christian community sometimes give a false sense of security?
4. Paul warns, “Let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed lest he fall” (1 Cor. 10:12). What are some ways we can regularly examine our hearts without falling into either pride or despair?
5. According to this passage, what are some ways sin deceives people into thinking it is harmless or manageable?
6. How does the gospel free us from sin rather than simply giving us permission to live however we want?
7. Read 1 Corinthians 10:13. What does this verse teach about temptation, and how have you seen God provide a “way of escape” in your life?
8. Why is trusting in our own strength spiritually dangerous? What does it look like to depend on God’s strength in daily life?
9. Which of the dangers mentioned in the sermon do you most see in your own life right now? What is one step you could take this week to guard against it?
10. How does the truth that “God is faithful” give hope to believers who are struggling with temptation or discouragement?

1 Corinthians 9:1-23

Summary
In a divided church and a polarized world, Paul points us to the healing power of the gospel. Though he possessed real rights as an apostle, he willingly laid them down so that nothing would hinder Christ’s saving work. His life shows that unity grows not from asserting our freedoms, but from surrendering them in love. Following Paul as he follows Christ, we see the heart of the gospel itself: Jesus laid down not merely his rights, but his life to reconcile sinners to God and to one another.

Discussion Questions

• In 1 Corinthians 9:1–14, what rights does Paul say he legitimately possesses?
• Why does Paul emphasize that these rights are valid and biblical?
• What reason does Paul give in verse 12 for not making use of his rights?
• How would you summarize Paul’s main motivation in verses 19–23?
• What does Paul’s willingness to surrender his rights teach us about Christian freedom?
• How does Paul reflect the example of Christ in this passage?
• Why is it often easier to defend our rights than to lay them down?
• Can you think of situations where asserting your “rights” might harm relationships or witness?
• What might it look like to “become all things to all people” today without compromising truth?
• Where is God calling you to embrace inconvenience, discomfort, or sacrifice for the sake of others?
• How can laying down preferences help heal division in the church and in your life?
• How does Jesus’ laying down His life reshape how we view our freedoms?
• How does remembering reconciliation with God influence how we pursue reconciliation with others?
• What would change in our church if gospel-shaped humility marked all of our interactions?

1 Corinthians 8:1-13

Summary
In a world full of “gray areas,” Paul reminds us that knowledge alone can puff up, but love builds up. Christian freedom is real, yet it must be guided by love for brothers and sisters whose consciences may be tender. True maturity is not merely being right, but willingly laying down our rights so that others are not wounded—following the example of Christ, who gave himself up for us.

Discussion Questions

1. Paul says, “knowledge puffs up, but love builds up.” What kinds of “knowledge” might puff someone up? How does love correct this danger?
2. Why does Paul agree that idols are “nothing,” yet still treat the issue as serious?
3. What is the difference between a wounded conscience and being merely offended?
4. Which temptation do you struggle with more: Treating everything as gray (minimizing sin)? Or treating nothing as gray (adding rigid rules)?
5. Have you ever insisted on your “freedom” in a way that may have harmed someone else spiritually?
6. Are there areas where you tend to feel spiritually superior to other Christians?
7. What principles should guide decisions in modern gray areas (alcohol, entertainment, politics, etc.)?
8. How does a deep understanding of the gospel motivate us to lay down our “rights” for others?

1 Corinthians 7:6-16

Summary
This week we consider Paul’s pastoral teaching on singleness, marriage, and divorce. Scripture presents a high view of marriage as God’s gift that is created, sustained, and protected by him. Yet God’s Word also speaks with honesty about the painful realities of sin, calling believers to fight for their marriages and to proceed with great care in seasons of separation. Where divorce enters the story, the gospel offers truth, grace, and hope: God calls His people to peace, repentance, and faithful obedience, assuring us that nothing lies beyond the redeeming power of Christ.

Discussion Questions

• When you hear a sermon or Bible study on marriage or divorce, what reactions tend to surface (curiosity, discomfort, relief, tension)? Why do you think that is?
• In verses 6-9, Paul describes both singleness and marriage as a “gift.” What stands out to you about that language? How does it challenge common assumptions?
• In verses 10-11, what commands does Paul emphasize for married couples? Why do you think reconciliation is highlighted?
• In verses 12-16, how does Paul address marriages between a believer and an unbeliever? What encouragement or tension do you see here?
• In the sermon Pastor Billy described marriage as a covenant, not merely a contract. What is the difference? How does that shape expectations within marriage?
• Paul says God has "called you to peace" (v.15). What kind of peace is he talking about? How might this apply in difficult relational situations?
• Verse 14 speaks of the unbelieving spouse being "made holy." What does this mean? What does it not mean?
• Paul honors both singleness and marriage. How does the church sometimes unintentionally elevate one over the other? Have you experienced that personally?
• If you're married: What helps you actively "fight for" your marriage? Where do you need encouragement or growth?
• If you're single or widowed: What might it look like to embrace your present season as a gift from God? What challenges come with that perspective?
• How can our group/church better support those experiencing: Marital strain? Separation? Divorce? Loneliness?
• Shame often causes people to withdraw from Christian community. Why is isolation such a temptation in painful seasons? How can we gently pursue one another instead?

Quotes
“A dead thing can go with the stream, but only a living thing can go against it.”
― G.K. Chesterton, The Everlasting Man, p.164

1 Corinthians 7:1-7

Summary
In our passage this week we see the apostle Paul tackle some thorny issues head on.  He reminds the Corinthians (and us) that God’s design for our lives is good. Sex is a gift meant to flourish within the self-sacrificial covenant of marriage. But at the same time, Paul makes clear that sex is not ultimate. It must be protected from distortion by sin and temptation. Whether married or single, each calling is a gift from God, and in Christ, God—not culture or Satan—has the final word.

Discussion Questions

1. What cultural pressures around sex and marriage do you see today that are similar to the extremes Paul addresses in Corinth?
2. Why is it important that Paul is correcting both sexual indulgence and legalism in this passage?
3. How does Paul’s teaching challenge the idea that sex is either meaningless or ultimate?
4. What stands out to you about the mutuality Paul describes between husband and wife in verses 3–4?
5. How does this passage reshape common assumptions about authority, power, and service within marriage?
6. Paul calls both singleness and marriage “gifts.” Why can that be difficult to believe in the church today?
7. How does recognizing Satan’s role in temptation change the way we think about sexual sin?
8. Which of the “lies” named in the sermon do you find most tempting or believable—and why?
9. How does the gospel both expose sexual sin and protect us from despair when we fail?

1 Corinthians 7:17-40

Summary
In today’s scripture, we will look at the calling of a Christian. Who am I in Christ? What am I to do? How can I grow into a mature believer? In the context of the Corinthian culture and marriage, Paul addresses these important questions.

Discussion Questions

1. Where has God placed you right now? What circumstances has He called you to remain in?
2. How does the gospel reshape how you view yourself and others? What worldly status do you still find identity in?
3. Where are you experiencing discontent in your life, and how does it show up day to day
4. What steps can help you grow in contentment? How is contentment connected to spiritual maturity?
5. What does “the time is short” mean to you? Do you live with that perspective? Why or why not?
6. How can holding too tightly to worldly circumstances harm your relationship with God?
7. In an age of anxiety and distraction, what practical steps can help you maintain an undivided focus on the Lord?
8. Which of the three main points reveals the greatest need for growth in your spiritual maturity?
9. How can we support one another in growing toward spiritual maturity?

1 Corinthians 6:9-20

Summary
In this passage Paul shows us that the gospel does more than forgive our sin—it also frees us from sin’s power. Through the cross, Jesus both saves us from God’s just wrath and begins the work of making us holy. Because we belong to Christ, even our bodies now exist for His glory, calling us to live in real, joyful freedom.

Discussion Questions

1. When you think about the cross, which side do you tend to focus on more: forgiveness from guilt or freedom from sin’s power? Why?
2. Why do you think Paul says, “Do not be deceived” in verses 9–10?
3. How can sin be deceitful even to sincere Christians?
4. What might the idea of “all things are lawful for me” look like amongst Christians today?
5. Where do you see our culture continuing to be influenced by the Greek philosophy of prioritizing the immaterial world (our thoughts) over the material world (our bodies)?
6. What does it mean that you were “bought with a price”?
7. How does knowing you belong to Christ change the way you think about your body, habits, or desires?
8. What is one area where you want to experience not only forgiveness, but also real freedom this year?
9. How can your group pray for and support you in that?

1 Corinthians 6:1-11

Summary
Paul reminds the church that conflict among believers is not surprising—but how we handle it reveals who we are. In Christ we have been washed, sanctified, and justified, so our disputes must be shaped by the gospel rather than the patterns of the world. This passage calls us to respond to hurt with humility, seek wise and godly help, and live out the reconciling grace we have received in Jesus.

Discussion Questions

• Why do you think Paul is so perplexed and animated in this passage?
• What does Paul mean when he calls the believers “saints,” and why is that so important for how they treat one another?
• Do you agree that conflict is inevitable in a close Christian community?  Why? 
• What encouragement would you give to a new Christian who might be realizing that it is possible to experience hurt and pain even within the church?
• When you are hurt or wronged, which do you tend toward more: fighting back or pulling away? Why?
• What do you think Paul means by “Why not rather suffer wrong?” How does that challenge our instincts?
• What’s the difference between absorbing wrong for the sake of love and ignoring real harm?
• What might it look like today for Christians to seek wise, godly help inside the church when conflicts arise?
• How does verse 11 (“you were washed…sanctified…justified”) reshape the way we see ourselves and others in conflict?
• Why is forgetting who we are in Christ so dangerous when we are hurt or angry?
• Is there a relationship right now where God may be calling you to move toward reconciliation, humility, or forgiveness?
• What would it look like this week to stop rowing with your own “oars” and instead trust Christ to work through the conflict?

Romans 5:1-11

Summary
We come—at long last—to the final sermon in our Advent sermon series.  Today we will consider reconciliation as a powerful picture of our salvation in Christ. In our passage, Paul teaches that through Jesus’ death and resurrection, believers are now reconciled to God.  This is the present reality of every believer. Once enemies of God because of sin, we have been justified by faith and now have peace with God. The war is over, the door to God’s presence is open, and the celebration has begun. As we begin a new year, we are reminded that the greatest restoration we need—and the greatest joy we can know—is peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.

Discussion Questions
1. Read Romans 5:1–2. What blessings does Paul say believers now possess because we have been justified by faith?
2. Why is the phrase “peace with God” (v.1) so significant? How is that different from simply experiencing the “peace of God”?
3. In verses 6–10, Paul uses four words to describe our condition before Christ (weak, ungodly, sinners, enemies). Which of these is most striking to you, and why?
4. Why is it important to remember that reconciliation is a present reality (“now”) and not something we are waiting to achieve?
5. The sermon highlighted three realities of reconciliation:

• The war is over.
• The door is open.
• The celebration has begun.

6. How does knowing that God is for you (not against you) reshape the way you view suffering, hardship, or discipline?
7. Verse 2 says we have “obtained access” into grace. What does it look like practically to live as someone who has access to God?
8. Are there areas in your life where you still live as if the war is ongoing—marked by fear, guilt, or distance from God?
9. How might a deeper awareness of reconciliation change:

• Your prayer life?
• Your response to suffering?
• Your relationships with others?

10. Is there anyone in your life who needs to hear the invitation of 2 Corinthians 5:20: “Be reconciled to God”? How can you pray for or engage them this week?

Ephesians 5:8-16

As we come to the end of 2025, it is a good time to remember that Jesus is coming soon. How we use our remaining time matters. A question we often hear in the evangelical church is, “If you were to die to today and meet God, what would you say if he asked you why He should let you into his heaven?” The simple answer is because Christ is Lord, he has died for my sins, and was raised for my salvation (Romans 4:25). But an equally important question that we often forget to ask is, “If God were to keep you alive for another year, how then should you live?”  Paul’s letter to the Ephesians brings clarity to this important question as he lays out some of the high calling we have as God’s deeply loved, redeemed children.

Reflection/Discussion Questions

1. Pastor Dave compared the Christian walk to a daily relationship with Christ just like two married people need to continue on in a healthy relationship. Share with someone how Jesus has been changing you in the last week or month.
2. How will you reflect Christ’s light and “glow purple” this week?
3. Prayerfully consider making a commitment of your time to the Lord in 2026. You might use the form below to record your commitment.

• Join the church prayer email list (Click HERE to send an email to the church office)
• Pray through the ministries of the church in the bulletin

Colossians 1:13-23

Summary
In our Advent series As Far as the Curse Is Found, we continue exploring why Jesus came. Colossians 1:13–23 tells the stunning story of rescue: God has delivered us from the domain of darkness, where sin once ruled over us, and has transferred us into the kingdom of his beloved Son. Though we were alienated and powerless under sin’s reign, Christ the King has come with real authority, redeeming us and forgiving our sins through his blood. Because he is before all things and holds all things together, he alone is able to break sin’s power and reconcile us to God. Our call now is to continue in the faith—stable, steadfast, and anchored in the hope of the gospel that has brought us from darkness into light.
 
Discussion Questions

1. Paul describes our former condition as being under the “domain of darkness.” How would you describe what that darkness looked like in your own life before Christ?
2. In what area of life do you function as though sin is still in charge? How does this show up in your decisions, reactions, or desires?
3. If instruction alone cannot free us from sin, what are some ways Christians today are tempted to treat “more information” as the solution to spiritual bondage?
4. Which part of Christ’s supremacy in Colossians 1:15–20 do you most need to meditate on as you resist sin? How would trusting his actual authority change your approach?
5. In what ways do we settle for a “sympathetic Jesus” but forget the “sovereign Jesus”? How does this affect our expectations of real change?
6. What helps you stay “stable and steadfast” in the faith when life feels spiritually dark or confusing?
7. What is one tangible step this week that reflects belonging to the kingdom of God’s beloved Son?